Skip to main content

Class 11( Programming Language)



Class -11(Onkareshwar Saraswati Vidya Niketan Inter College) Introduction to Programming Languages


Are you aiming to become a software engineer one day? Do you also want to develop a mobile application that people all over the world would love to use? Are you passionate enough to take the big step to enter the world of programming? Then you are in the right place because through this article you will get a brief introduction to programming. 

Now before we understand what programming is, you must know what is a computer. A computer is a device that can accept human instruction, processes it and responds to it or a computer is a computational device which is used to process the data under the control of a computer program. Program is a sequence of instruction along with data.

The basic components of a computer are:
  1. Input unit
  2. Central Processing Unit(CPU)
  3. Output unit
The CPU is further divided into three parts-


  • Memory unit
  • Control unit
  • Arithmetic Logic unit


  • Most of us have heard that CPU is called the brain of our computer because it accepts data, provides temporary memory space to it until it is stored(saved) on the hard disk, performs logical operations on it and hence processes(here also means converts) data into information. We all know that a computer consists of hardware and software.

    Software is a set of programs that performs multiple tasks together. An operating system is also a software (system software) that helps humans to interact with the computer system.

    Computer programming language, 

    any of various languages for expressing a set of detailed instructions for a digital computer. Such instructions can be executed directly when they are in the computer manufacturer-specific numerical form known as machine language, after a simple substitution process when expressed in a corresponding assembly language, or after translation from some “higher-level” language. Although there are many computer languages, relatively few are widely used.

    A program is a set of instructions given to a computer to perform a specific operation. or computer is a computational device which is used to process the data under the control of a computer program.While executing the program, raw data is processed into a desired output format. These computer programs are written in a programming language which are high level languages. High level languages are nearly human languages which are more complex then the computer understandable language which are called machine language, or low level language.So after knowing the basics, we are ready to create a very simple and basic program.

     Like we have different languages to communicate with each other, likewise, we have different languages like C, C++, C#, Java, python, etc to communicate with the computers. The computer only understands binary language (the language of 0’s and 1’s) also called machine-understandable language or low-level language but the programs we are going to write are in a high-level language which is almost similar to human language.


    The piece of code given below performs a basic task of printing “hello world! I am learning programming” on the console screen. We must know that keyboard, scanner, mouse, microphone, etc are various examples of input devices and monitor(console screen), printer, speaker, etc are the examples of output devices.
    main()
     {
     clrscr();
     printf(“hello world! I am a student of Onkareshwar.);
     getch();
     } 

    At this stage, you might not be able to understand in-depth how this code prints something on the screen. The main() is a standard function that you will always include in any program that you are going to create from now onwards. 

    Note that the execution of the program starts from the main() function. 
    The clrscr() function is used to see only the current output on the screen while the printf () function helps us to print the desired output on the screen. Also, getch() is a function that accepts any character input from the keyboard. In simple words, we need to press any key to continue(some people may say that getch() helps in holding the screen to see the output).


    Between high-level language and machine language there are assembly language also called symbolic machine code. Assembly language are particularly computer architecture specific. Utility program (Assembler) is used to convert assembly code into executable machine code. High Level Programming Language are portable but require Interpretation or compiling to convert it into a machine language which is computer understood.


    Hierarchy of Computer language –
    There have been many programming language some of them are listed below:


    CPythonC++
    C#RRuby
    COBOLADAJava
    FortranBASICAltair BASIC
    True BASICVisual BASICGW BASIC
    QBASICPureBASICPASCAL
    Turbo PascalGOALGOL
    LISPSCALASwift
    RustPrologReia
    RacketSchemeShimula
    PerlPHPJava Script
    CoffeeScriptVisualFoxProBabel
    LogoLuaSmalltalk
    MatlabFF#
    DartDatalogdbase
    HaskelldylanJulia
    kshmetroMumps
    NimOCamlpick
    TCLDCPL
    CurryActionScriptErlang
    ClojureDarkBASCICAssembly



    Most Popular Programming Languages –
    • C
    • Python
    • C++
    • Java
    • SCALA
    • C#
    • R
    • Ruby
    • Go
    • Swift
    • JavaScript
    Characteristics of a programming Language –


    • A programming language must be simple, easy to learn and use, have good readability and human recognizable.

    • Abstraction is a must-have Characteristics for a programming language in which ability to define the complex structure and then its degree of usability comes.

    • A portable programming language is always preferred.

    • Programming language’s efficiency must be high so that it can be easily converted into a machine code and executed consumes little space in memory.

    • A programming language should be well structured and documented so that it is suitable for application development

    • Necessary tools for development, debugging, testing, maintenance of a program must be provided by a programming language.

    • A programming language should provide single environment known as Integrated Development Environment(IDE).

    • A programming language must be consistent in terms of syntax and semantics.

     First revision Test-2020
    Class -11

    Comments

    Popular posts from this blog

    Memory Hierarchy

    Memory Hierarchy A memory unit is an essential component in any digital computer since it is needed for storing programs and data. Typically, a memory unit can be classified into two categories: The memory unit that establishes direct communication with the CPU is called  Main Memory . The main memory is often referred to as RAM (Random Access Memory). The memory units that provide backup storage are called  Auxiliary Memory . For instance, magnetic disks and magnetic tapes are the most commonly used auxiliary memories. Apart from the basic classifications of a memory unit, the memory hierarchy consists all of the storage devices available in a computer system ranging from the slow but high-capacity auxiliary memory to relatively faster main memory. The following image illustrates the components in a typical memory hierarchy. Auxiliary Memory Auxiliary memory is known as the lowest-cost, highest-capacity and slowest-access storage in a computer system....

    Objective Question of Computer Networking

      1.    Choose the correct meaning of the Greek word ‘tele’ in       context of telecommunication. A.   Near B.   Far C.   Never D.   Always   2.    Find the correct term used for the standards that have       been legislated by an officially recognized body.    A.   De jure B.   De facto C.   User standards D.   Channel standards   3.    Which agency developed standards for physical       connection interfaces and electronic signaling       specifications?      A.    ISO B.    ITU C.    ANSI D.    EIA   4.     Find full form of ANSI. A.    American Network Signal Institute B.    American National Signal Institute C.    American National Stand...

    CLASS-11 (Python Programming Language)

      Python Programming Language Python is a high-leve l, general-purpose and a very popular programming language. Python programming language (latest Python 3) is being used in web development, Machine Learning applications, along with all cutting edge technology in Software Industry. Python Programming Language is very well suited for Beginners, also for experienced programmers with other programming languages like C++ and Java. Below are some facts about Python Programming Language: Python is currently the most widely used multi-purpose, high-level programming language. Python allows programming in Object-Oriented and Procedural paradigms. Python programs generally are smaller than other programming languages like Java. Programmers have to type relatively less and indentation requirement of the language, makes them readable all the time. Python language is being used by almost all tech-giant companies like – Google, Amazon, Facebook, Instagram, Dropbox, Uber… etc. The biggest stren...